Undervolting rtx 4070. 42. Undervolting rtx 4070

 
42Undervolting rtx 4070 0 V can reduce the average power draw by 5

As for the chip itself – yes, this is the. What is the best guide to follow, which explains recommended settings for the first tests and which tools to use for the benchmarking and stability testing. 299 mm/11. 04. #1. Manga inspired the design. As far as performance is concerned, lowering the consumption limit also reduces performance. GPU volt: 1. That's like an 80% increase in 1 generation by your logic. I currently have an Acer VG271 1440p gaming monitor, and my processor is a Ryzen 7 5800X. Read the review here. 5A. GPU temp: 76. As for the power design and performance, the latest GeForce RTX™ 4070 Ti EX Gamer is also leveled up with the PCIe Gen5 16-pin power connector which enhances power delivery and unlocks an even greater overclocking potential. And I have coil whining under gpu stress so have been trying to find udervolting setting from google, reddit etc but no luck. 1. Nvidia RTX 4070 Ti. RTX 4090 Cyberpunk 2077 undervolt/overclock benchmarks. sucksblueeggs • 5 mo. I dont undervolt or power limit my card anymore, ADA is the first card since. Undervolting to 950mv I'm now comfortably reaching 2085-2100 MHz. Do not forget: Every GPU chip may vary! So you can expect. ROPs 64. pututu said: I've an EVGA RTX 3070 Ti XC3 GAMING with the latest firmware (94. 4th Generation Tensor Cores: Up to 4x performance with DLSS 3 vs. But I did mention this was a basic undervolt. 91V in the Gigabyte Windforce model. NVIDIA Has Discontinued the RTX 4080 & RTX 4070 Ti, Supply to Last Until Q4 2023. MSI RTX 4070 VENTUS 3X OC 1920 MHz: 2505 MHz: 1313 MHz: 308 mm/12. If you are using the curve editor in MSI AfterBurner, start cautiously and see what clock your card can handle at 975mv. (200watt GPU, single 8 pin input). You can undervolt your graphic card without any loss of performance with lower. It would crash if I went to 0. The Intel Core i5-11600K CPU is a 6 core/12 thread CPU. Mussels Freshwater Moderator. N40702-126XX-185252W; Graphics Processor AD104. Managed to get an undervolt I'm happy with on my 3070 FE, 1905Mhz @ 0. I fired up afterburner and used that voltage/frequency curve thingy. 5. Nvidia RTX 3090. A standard undervolt of. Undervolting + OC can achieve you the same performance as stock or greater and reduce power draw by 30-50W, this is a win-win situation. TUF Gaming GeForce RTX 4070 Ti 12GB PCI-E w/ Dual HDMI, Triple DP Reg: $1,109. otherwise, do something useful with your time. GeForce RTX™ 4080 16GB GAMING X SLIM. It seems stable, it passes 3D Mark tests (even though I get a little lower score, in games fps seems much more stable, and temps are much better) and Heaven benchmark. . Eco mode = 0. Apr 12, 2023. Motherboard: ASUS ROG Maximus Z790 HERO. The 4070ti is amazing. 🔧 SPECS 🔧 ️ AMD Ryzen™ 7 5800X3D Open the software, a user interface will pop up on your screen. Reply reply. NVIDIA GeForce® RTX 4070 Ti ⠀⠀→ RTX 4070 Ti Owner's Club ⠀ RTX 4080 Owner's Club ⠀ RTX 4090 Owner's Club. 1. Made note of the power consumption (~250W), card boost clock frequency (1890-1920 Mhz) and temperature (70-71C). There’s also a 50% increase from the RTX 4070 Ti’s starting price to the RTX. So far I achieved: 1965Mhz at 0,925V 300W -> 250W (-17%) 67,2C -> 62,7C 1690RPM ->1390RPM Heaven Benchmark passed, Playing Hunt: Showdown for 2h also passed. Change setting to Enabled, set the minus sign, set a Core undervolt (try 80). Nvidia’s Ampere generation GeForce graphics cards are thirsty – that much is already known. 2640 MHz. 5% more than a GeForce RTX 4070 but 20% less than the GeForce RTX 4070 Ti. 962V. I got some problems with my RTX 3070 with AC valhalla and with new drivers Cp77 to! I got greens artifacts and strange lighting and reflects Undervolt GPU fix the problems. 4 x 40mm), so it's a good fit inside small form factor (SFF) cases. The NVIDIA® GeForce RTX™ 4080 delivers the ultra performance and features that enthusiast gamers and creators demand. Product Driver: Download. Solution for "nvlddmkm" freeze issues ; Two-step update: Step 1 for EC/BIOS update, Step 2 for ME update. Step 2: From here, undervolting is easy. 962V increase to 0. 4090 gaming oc here, 2820 MHz CClock @ 965 mV (~385W). Overall, the GeForce RTX 4070 Ti makes. Be it a 3090, 3080, 3070 or even a 3060 Ti, I’d still recom. GPU undervolting primarily reduces the maximum load temperature by cutting back on the total power consumption. As for the chip itself – yes, this is the. It's very quiet and cool and no discernable coil whine thankfully. Before undervolting Benchmark score: 16124 Average clock frequency: 2727 MHz Temperature: 65°C FPS: 114. Yeston has submitted the original-looking Sakura Hitomi GeForce RTX 4070 Ti variant. About. I would like to try and go lower my. 5 (100%). 90. Like my 3080 UV (1905mhz 0. 94/day) System Specs May 25, 2023 #1 Building a setup for a friend using an Asus 4070 dual. Reducing the power limit of an otherwise stock card will reduce performance in many scenarios. Ahead of its time, ahead of the game is the GIGABYTE GeForce RTX 4070 WINDFORCE OC 12G Graphics Cards. Unique pattern: The efficiency level of the two AD104 models is on par, but with the full configuration (the RTX 4070 Ti) it is possible to achieve slightly more fps per watt, provided you create an effective, stable voltage curve yourself (targeted undervolting). By Mark Tyson November 19, 2023. From our GeForce RTX 4080. com and get your cloud gaming PC for as little as $9. Mostly coil whine. Windows 10 64-bit. 2. 0 Advanced. Our review unit is the RTX 4070 140W configuration, the most powerful variant available for this model. Opened MSI afterburner and set the Core Clock to "-290". 975. But I'm gonna take a guess that the vast majority of laptop buyers don't pay much attention to the details, desktop buyers don't care about laptops, and Nvidia are banking on it. MSI 4070 Gaming X TRIO undervolting. 0 for a while I observed that the card was running at 0. Go ahead and run MSI Afterburner, and it looks like the image below. (Again, that is a day 1/day 2 assessment and not. First step is to get the baseline for your individual chip. Katana 15 B13V now features Intel 13th Gen i7-13620H CPU and NVIDIA RTX 4060 GPU, with support of discrete graphics mode (MUX design), along with DDR5 RAM and NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD, it is the perfect laptop for your RPG and fantasy Windows 11 gaming. 028 V and 1750-1770 MHz core clock. As noted by tech website Igor’s Lab, newer versions of the. Here is our power supply recommendation: GeForce RTX 4060 (Ti) - We recommend a 500 Watt power supply unit on your average system. You could try out Nvidia profile inspector and enabling resize bar there so it is added to every game. I am also ready to upgrade my PSU. Undervolting is a great way of lowering your temps, lowering power usage, and lowering noise coming from your card. As for the chip itself – yes, this is the. As a result, the RTX 3090 Ti is 30% more efficient in power consumption. As you can see below, we observed a drop of 4. Just got my Asus TUF 4070 Ti (Non-OC) yesterday and played around a bit with tweaking and testing it using the Unigine Heaven Benchmark. 908. Yeston has submitted the original-looking Sakura Hitomi GeForce RTX 4070 Ti variant. Undervolting the core will always be the most productive thing you can do. GeForce RTX 4070 Ti has 12 GB of GDDR6X memory that works at 21 Gbps offering 504 GB/sec of memory bandwidth. 8 inches. if i get into issues i'll provide my findings. I have a 4070 ti coming in and I wanted to know what other 40 series owners prefer as their method to improve efficiency. This ROG Strix G17 2023 generation is a mid-specced 17-inch chassis with a Ryzen 9 7945HX processor and several mid-range RTX 4000 GPU options. The undervolted RX 7800 XT trades blows effectively with the RTX 4070, being markedly faster in some games, and somewhat slower in others – with the net result being a tiny win for AMD (1%. 5% reduction in power use, and ~ -14 degrees celsius. The NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 Ti launched with a price of $799, making it one of the most affordable RTX 40. AX Gaming Renegade RTX 4070 Ti X3W. e. GeForce RTX 4070 Ti Trinity utilizes the world’s most advanced gaming GPU powered by the NVIDIA Ada Lovelace architecture. ago. Be it a 4090, 4080, 4070 Ti or even a 4060 Ti, I’d stil. Step 2: From here, undervolting is easy. \. Install it on your computer. The RTX 4070 is extremely efficient even at stock settings, but it will hit the power limit in most scenarios where the framerate is uncapped. CPU is 13700K. The memory setup is unchanged from the RTX 4070 Ti—you get 12 GB of 21 Gbps GDDR6X memory across a 192-bit wide memory bus,. Compare. I managed to lower the temperature of 140w rtx 3070 by 5 deg by undervolting ~0. The GeForce RTX 4070 is the most powerful GPU under 200 watts, is it worth undervolting? Lets see how much performance we can get out of this 200 watt. Just got my Asus TUF 4070 Ti (Non-OC) yesterday and played around a bit with tweaking and testing it using the Unigine Heaven Benchmark. Memory junction temp: 88cThe Asus TUF Gaming RTX 4070 Ti trails the AMD Radeon RX 7900 XT by 16% in Fire Strike Graphics and is 10% behind the RTX 4080 Founders Edition. November 07, 2023 Create Your Best Vtuber streaming setup The VTuber industry might be relatively new to the. r/GamingLaptops. ,133w draw, fans 63%, temp. There should be as much outrage about this as there was with the 4080 12GB/4070 Ti naming. It has a unique look, silent cooling. ago. Be it a 4090, 4080, 4070 Ti or even a 4060 Ti, I’d stil. My 3070 is running 775mv at 1770Mhz (its rated boost clock) with an afterburner graph that looks like the attached pic. MSI GeForce RTX 4070 Ventus 3X OC 12 GB GDDR6X (2610/21000 @ 0. 3 vs DLSS 2. It won't be named 4090M, just RTX 4090, just for increased confusion. Therefore, it offers more than 4 cores and only two less than the i9 series. The Dual cooler is a. Mar 16, 2021. Clock Target: 1890Mhz. Steam Hardware & Software Survey: October 2023. (Driver Version: 528. . Reviews Comments 19 Final words and conclusion Final words The Yeston Sakura Hitomi version of RTX 4070 Ti is a more-than-decent decent card. It is more stable at stock than with this (this crashes in Port Royal = RT benchmark). Yeston has submitted the original-looking Sakura Hitomi GeForce RTX 4070 Ti variant. 40. New tests show that the energy efficiency potential of the novelty is much higher. I wasn't happy with the power the i9-13980HX was delivering or the performance of the RTX 4070. Also Afterburner,. - Capped 60 FPS: ±39C @ 500 RPM. The Ampere GPU has to admit defeat. I have a gigabyte gaming oc version of a card. Undervolting l5pi rtx 4070 . To get a starting point, simply run. I have done a bunch of testing with this card and although you can get a good overclock using MSI afterburner, I will provide results below, I will say it's generally not worth it. Hilbert. Wait for 4070/4080 and/or AMD cards. GPU hotspot temp: 88. Most variants, including our RTX 4070 Ti Palit Game Rock, come with a short “2× PCI-E 8-pin to 1× 12VHPWR” Nvidia adapter. Undervolting really seems to be the best option in terms of GPU optimization for the RTX 4000 series. It’s smarter to reduce voltage because every semiconductor device is designed to operate within a maximum and minimum voltage range. Getting the same FPS as a regular OC but with lower temps. Show full review. . The lower the ultimate temperature ceiling is, the more undervolting will work. We are going to customize the settings and enable. It has a unique look, silent cooling. I'm trying to undervolt the card using MSI Afterburner because my GPU runs hot (76-86 degrees depending on ambient temp). It's still a big. if the string beginning with 042 on the DIMM ends in 8820C or 8821C, then you also have Hynix CJR. Here is our power supply recommendation: GeForce RTX 4060 (Ti) - We recommend a 500 Watt power supply unit on your average system. Reducing the power limit of an otherwise stock card will reduce performance in many scenarios. The RTX 4070Ti (formerly 4080 12GB) is the best value graphics card from the Nvidia 4000 series so far. But system will be unstable. On the already-efficient GeForce RTX 4090, Korean hardware site QuasarZone has just demonstrated a massive 33% drop in power despite losing less than 6% performance. #1. 0 V can reduce the average power draw by 5. CPU: AMD Ryzen 5800X | Motherboard: Gigabyte B550 Aorus Pro V2 | GPU: Asus TUF Gaming RTX 4070 Ti OC | RAM: TeamGroup T-Force 32 GB (4x8) Pro Dark (B-die TDPGD416G3200HC14ADC01). Undervolting is the same as overclocking (higher frequency for the same voltage, or in other words lower voltage for the same frequency) but also with the goal of reducing power consumption. Restart in safe mode and go to the afterburner install folder. Undervolting really seems to be the best option in terms of GPU optimization for the RTX 4000 series. Forspoken. This ensures that all modern games will run on GeForce RTX 4070 Ti. ️ Benchmarking the Undervolted RTX 4070 Ti paired with Ryzen 7 5800X3D tested in 12 Games at 4K. This ensures that all modern games will run on GeForce RTX 4070. In terms of undervolting performance (i. That card only has a 220 W TDP. Compare. Regardless, either way is gonna yield a really nice reduction in power draw with this generation, and I'm pretty sure it depends on the game and setting to tell which one yields better results. 95 CAD per month!Order Link: set at 0. Avg watts - 180 - 190 Benchmark score - 4457 Avg Fps - 177 Min Fps - 47. Acer Predator Helios 16 2023- Just got the Acer Predator Helios 16 with RTX 4070, i9 13900HX 1tb SSD and upgraded the ram to 32gb DDR5 4800Mhz. Open afterburner. Max fan % - 68%. Setting power limit to 70% is easy and stability is guaranteed. Same card, 3070 Asus dual OC undervolt -160, 0. 793V and my Temps in Cyberpunk went from 83°C to about 65°C. This item MSI Gaming GeForce RTX 4070 Ti 12GB GDRR6X 192-Bit HDMI/DP Nvlink TORX Fan 4. RT isn't important for me so I bought Rx 7800xt sapphire pure white. Temps always under 55° ReplyHey guys, wanted to share what i managed to get from under volting my Rtx 3080 gaming oc from gigabyte, no LHR model. Core clock is +150 and memory clock is +300. Beyond [-80mV] is possible via Xtu & TS too. In the standard configuration, the RTX 4070 scales beautifully with its larger. #1. Hello, I have an MSI GL65 Laptop with an RTX2070 gpu. 99. 21A09 for RTX 4080/4090 Includes update for Intel Management Engine (ME) version 16. It's still a big. Power limit doesn't influence card stability (or improves it thanks to lower temperature), undervolting does make GPU less stable. Earlier today, I posted about the RTX 4070 Ti that I got at a discount. 00. 4 beta 3) nor with Precision X1. I'm new to undervolting, haven't done it yet. I usually overclock mem@1945mhz, underclock card by 20% and set it around 860mv. So im looking at either getting a RTX4070 but i might go with a RTX4080 since more cuda cores and better ram i still don't know if the RTX 4070 will use the GDDR6X or just GDDR6 ram. QuasarZone tried out two ways of improving the RTX 4090’s power efficiency — adjusting the power limit and undervolting. With the "quiet" BIOS active, the card is whisper quiet, quieter than any other RTX 4070 tested today. I need help with the PSU, im currently having Corsair 750w TxM, im planning to buy rtx 4070 ti but i dont know if the current psu can handle it or i need a new one. Clevo x170 rtx 3080 mxm running hot, thermal paste suggestions upvote. Record, or write down what it gets. #1. 9 V, or 1800 MHz at around 0. According to Techtesters Review Asus Dual OC 37. After, you click the reset button, then click Revert in OC Scanner. I wanted to upgrade my 1660 super and finally decided to get either RTX 4070 or 4070ti. 4 x 119. It's a great-looking product that should hold ground a bit closer to the reference MSRP. In the example above, the curve. hey guys, i just installed ana rtx 3070 and i went undervolt and overclock, so i put -250 on core clock, and apply and then edited the curve to 900mv to the highest clock it was getting on unigine benchmark, it was 1890, and then i added +800 on the memory clock so now it s showing 7800 but temps went down. force a frame rate cap in your NVIDIA console. Meanwhile, the RTX 4070 Ti is generally on par with the RTX 3080 Ti when it comes to raw performance and can get faster with the help of DLSS 3. IF I was dead set on an MSRP 4070 I would probably lean towards the Dual it at least has an 8 phase vrm which isn't much but it's still 33% better than all the ones with 6 phase designs. Nvidia Software industry IT sector Business Business, Economics, and Finance. The RTX 4070 is a very efficient GPU, though it can be made even more efficient. Still going, great card. So the difference between the 4090 & the biggest enabled die would be more like 90%, or 88. Rtx 4070 undervolting adventures Taraquin May 25, 2023 T Taraquin Joined Aug 9, 2019 Messages 1,475 (0. Issue: Brand new desktop, Loud clicking noise (probably coming from RTX 3070 fan) Goal: Undervolt GPU only (reduce noise), not underclock (do not want to mess up computer). Undervolt as well. 713. Lowering power limit to 80% results in average voltage right about 975mV (Although inconsistent in range 950-1000mV), but with a noticeably lower GPU clock @ 2550-2650MHz (Note TDP is almost the same as in manual curve tweak ~75-80%). 71 First undervolting step Benchmark score: 16350 Average clock frequency: 2830 MHz Temperature: 63°C FPS: 116. In the last video I showed an undervolt curve at 995 millivolts. Simple BIOS Undervolt. Dell G15 5510 RTX 3060 90w to 130w. I thought MSI Afterburner would let you. ImWateringPSUs. I have a fairly low end power supply (it’s a Dell), 460w only, powering a 3060ti. My 1v undervolt runs stable at 2010mhz and performs the same on avg. I only undervolted to 950mV on the top end of the curve, but pretty sure I could adjust the curve below 900mV if I wanted. ~220W. The RTX 4070 Ti is compatible with the latest features, including DLSS 3 technology, thanks to its support for NVIDIA’s newest RT and Tensor Cores, which are more potent than earlier GPUs. Yeston has submitted the original-looking Sakura Hitomi GeForce RTX 4070 Ti variant. As power is directly related to energy, less amount of heat is produced on undervolting. The NVIDIA RTX 4070 Ti has been engineered utilising cutting-edge Ada Lovelace architecture and a custom TMS 4N process. 4a, HDMI 2. Integrated with 12GB GDDR6X 192bit memory interface. But what about the rather unpopular 3070 Ti in this respect?. Play something heavy, that will hit the GPU hard. They’re built with the ultra-efficient NVIDIA Ada Lovelace architecture. Help me please. Support me on Patreon: / Credits:Outro:Dylan Sitts feat. 0 °C But Memory Temp, Gigabyte WindForce OC is 6°C lower @64°C. Last edited: Jan 18, 2023. download Msi afterburner or gpu tweak (asus website) and undervolt the card slightly. 1920 MHz: 2475. AMD. GeForce RTX™ 4070 WINDFORCE 12G. 1 degrees Celcius, and before it was nearing 90 degrees C. Undervolting is about reducing thermals, while allowing for more clock speeds. RTX 4070 FE - i5 13600k - 32gb ramBEYOND FAST. Experience fast ray tracing, AI-accelerated performance with DLSS 3, new ways to create, and much more. if you look at the performance vs power draw results some people achieved by. In our review of the RX 7800 XT it was quite a convincing performer in comparison to. My point in undervolting is to get as low voltage as possible. + NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 Graphics Card + 64GB DDR5-4800 RAM + 2TB SSD + WQHD IPS Anti. It checks that voltage against its stock frequency/voltage curve and runs at the. If you need to ask where a bios version is then you should t be even going into the bios. Others here have reported success at 2760Mhz with their 4070 ti, but they may not be using the same conditions as you. You can easily find ressources on Google "undervolting 3060ti". Memory Clock: +750Mhz. 5k resolution. As for the performance, the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 SUPER should end up being around 14% faster than the RTX 4070 Non-SUPER. Ducahl. All profiles run with the same fan profile. I bought Lenovo Legion pro 5i with i9 13900hx and rtx 4070. In my case, I can increase boost clock AND reduce power use by undervolting Vs the stock card. By using method 1, the gap between your target clock and effective clock will be larger To undervolt RTX 4090 or not to undervolt RTX 4090? Optimum Tech reported that you should not undervolt your RTX 4090 because it dropped the effective clock a lot from the target clock. I thought MSI Afterburner would let you. This price puts it in the territory of custom-design GeForce RTX 4070 Ti. com News videocardz. A standard undervolt of 2805 MHz @ 1. 90V @ 2565MHz, 80C and 76W, and increased the memory clock +1400. Step 5: Check Temperature After Undervolting GPU. 17 CFM 120 mm FanI undervolted my GPU (RTX 4070) for the first time today. RTX 4070 Ti is very chilly out of the box for me, never goes above 70c, usually hovers around 60-65c, sometimes even under 60c. Best Undervolting guide. Compare. Decided to test UV. . 42. \. FrezlyGod. The RTX 3090 Ti pulls a maximum of 314W in the tests, while. 6. . why is fps lower but temps are a bit higher? Power draw is the same 170w. . . Offering performance comparable to a 3090Ti at a much lower power consumption and MSRP than the 3090Ti launched with, this GPU will demolish your expectations and handle 1440p high refresh rate gaming in titles such as Hogwarts. The RTX 4070 is extremely efficient even at stock settings, but it will hit the power limit in most scenarios where the framerate is uncapped. But considering it for my Aorus Xtreme 3080 to slightly reduce top. Undervolting a GPU - With the the Yeston GeForce RTX 4070 Ti (review) Power: 890 mV max. 99 After Rebate Everyday Low Price! Buy $10 off. • 3 yr. Front-Alternative580. 1313 MHz. 5. r/nvidia • Gigabyte 4070 OC Gaming build quality. Lol it runs how cool and zero reason to undervolt. 850 V and RAISE the core clock to 1875 MHz, now hitting maximum. QuasarZone tried out two ways of improving the RTX 4090’s power efficiency — adjusting the power limit and undervolting. these cards perform about the same in the above comparison, give or take 5-10% depending on title and which model (factory overclock) you get. In my case setting power limit to 80% and increasing GPU offset by +100MHz results in voltage sticking in the. NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 debuts as new mid-range Ada Lovelace graphics card for US$599 at launch 04/12/2023. Reply reply. . Nov 16. Alternatively, maybe the simple truth is that the RTX 4070 Ti Super idea has indeed been abandoned, keeping these models effectively more streamlined. Manga inspired the design. So undervolting - better performance Lower power limit - better stabilityIt's a simple undervolting, nothing new or fancy. 8dB, Core Temp 59. The RTX 4070 does offer the better experience with Ray Tracing in this game. Manga inspired the design. 4th Generation Tensor Cores: Up to 4x performance with DLSS 3 vs. Vector GP78 HX 13V now features Intel 13th Gen i7-13700HX CPU and NVIDIA RTX 4080 GPU, with support of discrete graphics mode (MUX design), along with DDR5 RAM and NVMe PCIe Gen5 SSD, it is the perfect laptop for your RPG and fantasy Windows 11 gaming. For gaming I use 1000mv + regular settings without experiencing problems (but consumption is around 120w, versus 70-80w with the tweaked settings). Colorful started selling its top custom-design GeForce RTX 4070 "Ada" graphics card, the RTX 4070 Neptune OC-V. They share the same AD104 GPU die, a smaller chip. Starting off, undervolting is basically lowering the GPUs voltage which results in lower power consumed. Overclocking the RTX 3080 with power limits in place seems to be pointless, the gains aren't much at all. 1. For example my 4090 runs 2075MHz at 950mV staying. Zotac GAMING Trinity GeForce RTX 4070 Ti 12 GB Video Card: $1080. REDEMPTION INSTRUCTIONS: To redeem your promotional code for Alan Wake 2 you must have a GeForce Experience and a Steam account. 11) installed via Precision X1. 06How to achieve lower temperature with undervolting and overclocking with every Ryzen 7000 – Zen 4 CPU and every CPU cooler – air coolers included. ago. It has a unique look, silent cooling. But you're going to loose few % performance compared to stock. 1950 = 1931mhz @ 931mV. It’s performing.